Bilateral agreements, freedoms of the air and aviation activities

ICAO classified these freedoms of the Air as “so – called”.

Right or Privilege to transit without landing

(Overflying)

(2) Air Algeria flight from Algeria to Abidjan, Cote D’Ivoire flying over Ghana.

Right or Privilege of non – traffic stop (Technical Stop)

(2) Qatar Airways flight from Doha to Sao Palo, Brazil stopping for fuel in Accra, Ghana.

(3) Delta Airlines flight from South Africa to the United States stopping for fuel in Accra, Ghana

(4) British Airways flight from Johannesburg, South Africa to London, UK stopping for fuel in Accra, Ghana.

Right or Privilege to transport from Country A to Country B.

The right or privilege to fly from one’s own country to another country.

Or

The right or privilege to put down in the territory of another state or country traffic (passengers, cargo and mail) uplifted from the home country.

(2) A flight from Accra, Ghana to Lagos, Nigeria flown by a Ghanaian Airline; Africa World Airlines (AWA).

(3) A flight from London, UK to Accra, Ghana flown by a British Airline; British Airways.

(4) A flight from Nairobi, Kenya to Accra, Ghana flown by a Kenyan Airline; Kenya Airways.

Right or Privilege to Transport from Country B to Country A.

The right or privilege to fly from another country to one’s own country.

Or

The right or privilege to uplift traffic from a foreign country to the home country.

(1) A flight from Abuja, Nigeria to Accra, Ghana, flown by a Ghanaian Airline; Africa World Airlines (AWA).

(2) A flight from Lagos, Nigeria to Accra, Ghana flown by a Ghanaian Airline (Africa World Airlines).

(3) A flight from Accra, Ghana to Nairobi, Kenya flown by a Kenyan Airline (Kenya Airways).

(4) A flight from Accra, Ghana to London, UK flown by a British Airline (British Airways).

The right or privilege to fly between two foreign countries on a flight originating or ending in one’s own country.

Or

The right or privilege to uplift between (both ways) two foreign countries.

(1) A flight from Lome, Togo to Abidjan, Cote D’Ivoire, with a stop in Accra, Ghana flown by a Togolese Airline (ASKY).

(2) A flight from Nairobi, Kenya to Abidjan, Cote D’Ivoire, with a stop in Accra, Ghana flown by a Kenyan Airline (Kenya Airways).

Passengers/Cargo can disembark or embark the ASKY and Kenya Airways flights in Accra Ghana.

This is a combination of the 3^rd and 4^th Freedoms

Or

The right or privilege to fly between two places in a foreign country while stopping in one’s own country for non-technical reasons.

(1) A flight from Accra, Ghana to Abuja, Nigeria while stopping at Lome, Togo flown by a Togolese Airline (ASKY).

(2) A flight from Accra, Ghana to Guangzhou, China while stopping at Dubai flown by Emirates.

This freedom is especially utilised by network passengers between two foreign countries with a stop in their own country

“Variation” of the 5^th Freedom and sometimes called “Stand-Alone” Cabotage that provide International Services between two foreign countries.

The right or privilege to fly between two foreign countries where the flights do not touch one’s own country.

This freedom gives an airline the possibility to operate flights between two foreign countries without connecting to its home airport or country.

No airline in Ghana is operating under the 7^th freedom.

This is most common in Europe because European Union maintains a Single Aviation Market.

(1) A flight between Paris, France and Stockholm, Sweden flown by an Irish Airline (Ryanair).

Right of Consecutive Cabotage.

This is a combination of 3^rd Freedom and Local Traffic Cabotage.

The right or privilege to fly inside a foreign country, having started from or continuing to one’s own country.

This refers to the possibility that an international flight, once landed in the destination country, continues to operate an internal (cabotage) service within that same country.

No airline in Ghana is operating under the 8^th freedom.

(1) A flight between Manchester, UK and Gatwick, UK flown by Emirates having started from Dubai.

This is a “Stand-Alone” Cabotage or Autonomous Cabotage.

The right or privilege to fly within a foreign country without continuing to one’s own country.

(1) In 2011, NHV Ghana engaged a South African Airline (Solenta Aviation) to operate Beechcraft B1900D Aircraft between Accra and Takoradi for Tulow Oil Ghana.