It is believed the ants were destined for exotic pet markets in Europe and Asia.
The move is Algeria's biggest expulsion of French consular staff since it gained independence in 1962.
Relations are at an all-time low - South Africa's ambassador to the US was expelled last month.
France said the move was in response to the indictment of three Algerians in Paris on Friday.
An official ruling, that Albert Luthuli died in an accident in 1967, has long been queried by his family.
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