How Ghana’s presidential inaugurations work and the customs they follow

Ghana’s presidential inaugurations are significant state ceremonies that symbolise the peaceful transfer of power and reaffirm the country’s democratic values.

The event follows a set of constitutional processes and traditional customs that highlight Ghana’s political stability, cultural heritage, and respect for authority.

Here’s a breakdown of how the ceremony works and the key traditions observed;

Venue and timing: The inauguration ceremony is typically held at Independence Square in Accra on January 7, which is recognised as Constitution Day. The venue, a national symbol of Ghana’s independence, represents the country’s freedom and sovereignty.

The day is chosen to mark the start of a new presidential term, as mandated by Article 57 of Ghana’s 1992 Constitution.

Oaths of office: A critical part of the inauguration is the swearing-in ceremony. The President-elect takes two oaths administered by the Chief Justice:

• Oath of Allegiance: A pledge of loyalty to Ghana and its constitution.
• Presidential Oath: A commitment to uphold and protect the laws of Ghana and to serve the people faithfully.

These oaths are essential for the incoming president to assume the powers and responsibilities of the office.

Symbolic transfer of power: In cases of a transition between presidents, the outgoing president hands over the State Sword to the incoming president. The State Sword represents authority and leadership. This symbolic gesture highlights the peaceful transfer of power, a hallmark of Ghana’s democratic process.

Military honours: The Ghana Armed Forces play a ceremonial role in the inauguration. The president receives full military honours, which include:

• A 21-gun salute to honour the new head of state.
• Review of the guard of honour, where the president inspects a parade of military personnel.

These customs signify respect for the president as the Commander-in-Chief of the Ghana Armed Forces.

Inaugural address: Following the oaths, the new president delivers an inaugural address. This speech is an opportunity for the president to outline their vision for the nation, set priorities, and call for unity. It is often a defining moment of the ceremony, offering insights into the new administration’s agenda.

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